Unit 21: Film Editing

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Task 2: History
1841-1890: Louis Le Prince
Louis was a French artist he invented an early motion picture camera and he was the first person to shoot a picture which was moving in a sequence this was used by a single camera lens. he was credited and given the name "Father of Cinematography

Thomas Edison

Edison was an. American inventor and business he lived from February 11 1847 to October 1931. Edison had invented multiple different devices like electric power generations , sound recording mass communication and motion pictures.Edison was one of the first inventors to use applied and organised science to the process of innovation. Edison also established a research laboratory.

Lumiere Brothers

Lumiere brothers were French inventors , these inventors also pioneer photographers created the first cinematography the Lumiere brothers were from 1862-1948.

Edwin S. Porter

Edwin was an American film pioneer from 1870-1941 he worked for the Edison manufacturing company as a producer , director and studio manager also cinematographer. Edwin was a pioneer of the early cinema years sequencing single shots.

D.W. Griffith

Griffith was an American film director he also pioneered different aspects of film editing he was also best known for his role as the director of the controversial and ground breaking 1915 film.

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Task 3:Narrative
Enigma codes: The enigma code is a notion which could suggest a text this text could be television , film or even a poster. the enigma codes demonstrate a mystery to attract the attention of an audience to watch it.
Linear: In filming and films most of the plots in these films are linear , the events which happen in these stories in films unfold in the sequence in how they happened ( the order). Chronologically , the events are shown.

Non Linear: Nonlinear narrative , also (disjointed narrative) is a technique narratively used in text , literature and film or hypertext websites. As linear is when events are filmed chronologically , non linear is when events are presented in other ways which is not in chronological order for example out of order , or simply when the narrative is not following the story line.

Multi strand narrative: A narrative which has multiple strands , this can include more than 1 group of characters existing at the same time instead of for example having one single hero rather than. group of similar and supportive characters.

Serial Narrative: This narrative , consist of three plays which are written by the same playwright , they could also share a similar thread or characters or themes which connect them in ways which are similar.

Narrative series: A series narrative is a narrative which could be non fictional for example a biography ,this could also be a fictional description of related events or experiences like in novels or fairytales.

Flexi narrative: This narrative is a complex narrative structure , this can challenge the audience and keep them interested in knowing what is going to happen next.

Episodic drama: scenes are shot in small episodes , they stand on their own and are built in small bits the events follow a linear narrative with a chronological ordering sequence

Unrestricted narrative: this type of narrative is when viewers/audience know more than what the character knows this helps to build suspense for viewers it can also allow viewers to become curious on what is going on in the scene.

Restricted narrative: Restricted narrative , a single character the restricted narrative demonstrates that one single character's perspective of the situation \ scene

Straight cut: this is a transition cut between 2 shots , both audio and video

Transitions:

Fades , Dissolves , Washes Wipes

Transitions are editing techniques which are used to replace a straight cut from one shot to the next

a wipe , this is when 1 shot wipes another shot off the screen, wash the colour changes to white .fade , the screen then fades to black a dissolve is when 1 shot dissolves into another one.

Cross Cutting: An editing technique used to establish action occurring at the same time but this could be 2 more.

Quick cuts: Fast paced straight cuts which is used to create energy in throughout the action scenes.

Long takes: used to compress the amount of time a visual text plays out.

Elliptical editing: a one take shot that continues for a long time before the transition is used.

Cutaway: a shot cut to the location in order to help establish the scenes.

Eye line match: a shot which cuts to an object or person that a character was looking at.

L cut: An L cut is when the scene continues to play over the footage from the following scene.

A J cut is the opposite of an L cut.

Cut-ins: This is a shot which inedited into another shot or scene.

Match on action: The cutting of various different shots order to display seamless continuation.

Shot/reverse shot:the camera alternates between subjects conversing this is not breaking the 180 degree rule.

Reaction shot: A show to show a subjects non verbal reaction to the previous shot action.

Task 1: Types
Shot
A shot is a series of frames that runs for an uninterrupted period of time film shots are included in film editing because it is an essential part of a movie where angles , transitions and cuts are also used. A shot also consists of a single take.

Sequence

A sequence is a series of scenes that form a distinct narrative unit which is usually connected by time or a location.

Editing

Editing is used to describe the relationship between the shots and how they come together to be combined, there are several different editing techniques like transitions , cross cuts , fades etc.

Role of an editor

The role of an editor in film editing is to establish the raw footage into making it the final cut of the film , the editor's role includes the cuts and shots together and editing in general.

Continuity editing

Continuity editing is a type of editing system which , is used to maintain consistency of both time and space in the film.

Non continuity editing

non continuity editing is when the shots are mismatched to disrupt the impression of time and space.

Montage

Montage is a film editing technique in which there're the series of short shots are sequenced to condense space , time and information.